Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Ayurvedic Treatment

What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder of the digestive system that affects the large intestine. It causes a group of symptoms including abdominal pain, cramps, bloating, gas, diarrhea, and constipation. IBS is a chronic condition that can significantly impact daily life but does not cause permanent damage to the intestines.

Causes of IBS

The exact cause of IBS is not fully understood, but it likely involves a combination of factors:

• Abnormal muscle contractions in the intestines causing irregular bowel movements

• Nerve system sensitivity that makes the intestines more reactive to stimuli like gas or stool

• Gut-brain interaction issues leading to altered bowel function and pain perception

• Severe gastrointestinal infections or bacterial overgrowth

• Food intolerances and dietary triggers such as dairy, wheat, and certain vegetables

• Stress and emotional factors affecting gut movement and sensitivity

• Genetic predisposition and changes in gut microbes

Symptoms of IBS

• Recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort related to bowel movements

• Changes in stool frequency and consistency (diarrhea, constipation, or both)

• Bloating and gas

• Mucous in stools

• Urgency or feeling of incomplete evacuation

• Symptoms often fluctuate and may worsen with stress or certain foods

Diagnosis of IBS

There is no single test for IBS. Diagnosis involves:

• Review of medical history and symptom patterns

• Physical examination

• Exclusion of other conditions (such as infections, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease)

• Rome IV criteria commonly used: recurring abdominal pain at least 1 day a week in the last 3 months with changes in stool frequency or form

• Additional tests may be required if alarm symptoms are present (weight loss, blood in stool, anemia)